Financing graph and independent demand

For a business, build the financing graph from attributed flows: entities as nodes; edges typed equity, debt, revenue, cost, with attributed amounts and dates. Independent demand share D(C) = revenue from customers whose paying funds do not trace back to C's own investors, lenders or suppliers within k hops and a time window; both k and the window are published policy. Circular funding is the set of strongly connected components containing C, weighted by the amount circulating; a supplier that invests in a company which spends the money on that supplier, which books it as demand, is fully traceable and still shows a falling D(C). Related-party exposure, debt service, independently supported receipts and delivered services are reported separately. Nothing here calls an arrangement fraudulent: it states dependence and shows the paths. The computation is bounded (k hops, finite window), total and terminating, and identical inputs give identical results. The subject sees its own graph and figures first, can add context and challenge; lenders, investors and credit reference users see only what the subject or law permits. Rules that apply: Companies Act 2006 PSC register; FCA CONC; UK GDPR; RBA and BIS findings on interconnected AI financing as research sources.